Development

Open Access Article

1 - Knowledge Based City As an Interdisciplinary Concept

The emergence of interdisciplinary approach, caused very diverse and wide composing and commingling of different areas. One of the phenomena that it’s interdisciplinary nature is clear, is phenomenon of the city. The concept of "knowledge based city" is very broad and m More

The emergence of interdisciplinary approach, caused very diverse and wide composing and commingling of different areas. One of the phenomena that it’s interdisciplinary nature is clear, is phenomenon of the city. The concept of "knowledge based city" is very broad and may include all aspects of social, economic and cultural dimensions. knowledge based city with the aim of developing based on knowledge, by creating continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. knowledge based city involved diffrent range of sciences such as economy, geography and urban planning and social sciences and many other areas of expertise. knowledge based city is depend on knowledge based development to create continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. This can be achieved through continuous interaction between citizens and at the same time take place between them and citizens of other cities. The method of this article is documentary and library research related method with aims to explore and analyze the concept of knowledge based city. The findings of this research with study few internal And external studies resources, resulting in the presentation of dimensions, elements and indicators category that related to knowledge based city and in other words, identify collaborative and interdisciplinary dimensions of "knowledge based city" concept. In terms of this paper, dimensions of knowledge based city was place economy, sustainable urban design (physical), the development of knowledge based (social) and components and indicators that have been associated with each other. This means that the economic location; components of access to skilled and diverse labor, access to developed infrastructure and location direct costs, appropriate urban design (physical), component of access to scientific and academic environment and the existence of local consumer market and ultimately the development of knowledge based (social) components of culture, have been covered sharing of the knowledge Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Analyzing the Strategies for Business Growth and Development in the Field of Industries and Mines (Case Study: South Khorasan Province)

Today, developing and industrial emerging countries attempt to apply effective policies in industrialization process using comparative and competitive advantages in each field of activity. Improvement index of business space is one of the most important indexes, which d More

Today, developing and industrial emerging countries attempt to apply effective policies in industrialization process using comparative and competitive advantages in each field of activity. Improvement index of business space is one of the most important indexes, which draws the status of micro-economy activity space. This study is aimed to investigate the factors affecting business growth and development in South Khorasan industries and Mines. By literature review and experts monitoring, 5factors (financial and capital factor, human factor, raw materials factor, production technology factor, sales market factor) and 20 components were identified. Then, using simple random sampling method, 125 managers of industries and Mines sphere were selected and study questionnaire was distributed among them. After data analysis using single-sample t tests and Friedman test, the results showed that external exchange, available capital and product sales market are the most important components in business development is South Khorasan Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating Economic Sectors Comparative Advantage of Oil Rich Areas Using Regional Input-Output Table: A Case Study of West Karun Region
Mohammadreza Lotfalipour Malihe Ashena Farhad Tarahomi

In recent years there has been a significant challenge to the development of oil rich areas, regarding the oil industry's activity in these areas and the expectations of people, as well as the impacts of the economic and oil sectors. Specifying the key economic sectors More

In recent years there has been a significant challenge to the development of oil rich areas, regarding the oil industry's activity in these areas and the expectations of people, as well as the impacts of the economic and oil sectors. Specifying the key economic sectors in Khuzestan's oil-rich areas and identifying investment priorities will encourage the region's economic development goals. Therefore, in this study, using regional input- output table, priority activities of studied area are identified based on the comparative advantage. Based on the results, agriculture and industry are the leading sectors with the most forward and backward links with other economic sectors. Whereas according to the comparative advantage index, the agricultural sector and some subdivisions of the service sector have comparative advantage. As the private sector is more focused on fast return activities, its fields of activity is more directed to agricultural and service activities. In the short run, therefore, the economic benefits of the area can be maintained by the completion of agricultural infrastructure and the development of related industries, and the development of public and social services infrastructure; So, economic development and employment can be increased. Also, in the long run where it is possible to invest, the industry sector can be considered as an important part of the economic development of the area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Evaluating of Economic Sustainability Indicators in District 15 of Tehran(
batoul hoseinpour hoshang zahiri

Currently, the spatial distribution of services and economic indicators is one of the problems of urban management in responding to citizens. the aim of this project is to evaluate and analyze the levels of neighborhoods in District 15 in terms of having economic indica More

Currently, the spatial distribution of services and economic indicators is one of the problems of urban management in responding to citizens. the aim of this project is to evaluate and analyze the levels of neighborhoods in District 15 in terms of having economic indicators and determining the ranking of neighborhoods.The present study is in the field of applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection in the field of survey research. In the present study, a semi-structured questionnaire and interview were used to collect data.The ANP network analysis method was used for data analysis and the Typsis method was used for ranking the neighborhoods.The findings indicate that among the economic indicators, the ability to pay living expenses with a weight of 0.154 ranks first, the amount of monthly savings with a weight of 0.153 ranks second and the ability to provide housing with a weight of 0.131 ranks third. It has gained economic stability among the indicators.The Taipei Method ranked the 15th District and found that Abuzar District 2 ranked first, South Afsaria District 5 ranked second, and District 4 Moshiria ranked third, according to economic criteria.Dimensions of Economic Sustainability Considering that economic development is the process of total growth on income, this is the first step and shows that economy is the main key for developing.Economic policies should be such that a kind of balance and coherence is established in different parts of Tehran.Therefore, the three main components of economic infrastructure, economic activity and economic facilities have been selected. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Analysis of crisis theory in the process of political development based on Lucien Pie theory
Maasoud Akhavan Kazemi Omid Shokraneh Arzanaghi

The issue of crisis and political development is one of the main concerns of human society that are mutually related. Political development, according to its importance and function, is related to various fields and issues such as economy, national security, culture, le More

The issue of crisis and political development is one of the main concerns of human society that are mutually related. Political development, according to its importance and function, is related to various fields and issues such as economy, national security, culture, legitimacy, globalization and other issues, each of which can provide problems for a government. In fact, the discussion of political development and the need to resolve the crises in its path is one of the topics that has occupied the minds of government men and scholars of social and political sciences. Among these theorists is Lucien Pie, who discusses the five crises in the political development of societies, which is also the basis of the present study. The present study seeks to find out how the five crises over political development have arisen and the achievement of this process face challenges. The research method is descriptive-analytical and causal research. The method of data collection in this research is library and documentary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Designing An Interpretive Structural Model for Sustainable Development of Rural Entrepreneurship (Case study: Golestan Province)
hamid rezaei seyed mehdi khakzadian mahsa zamani

The aim of this study was to design an interpretive structural model for the sustainable development of rural entrepreneurship in Golestan province. Therefore, this research is based on the purpose of development-applied type and based on the method, descriptive-correla More

The aim of this study was to design an interpretive structural model for the sustainable development of rural entrepreneurship in Golestan province. Therefore, this research is based on the purpose of development-applied type and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. For this purpose, in the first step, the elements of the model of sustainable development of rural entrepreneurship were identified from the theoretical literature (by systematic review method) and interviews with experts (content analysis). The output of this step was to identify 29 components in the form of four main dimensions. In the next step, in order to establish the relationship and sequence between the dimensions and present their structural model, the interpretive structural modeling method was used. In this method, based on the opinions of experts and analyzes, the model of sustainable rural entrepreneurship development was calculated. The results indicate that social and environmental dimensions were in the first level and economic and institutional in the second level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Comparative Analysis of Basic Needs Approach and Human Development Approach
Mohammad تیو Vahid Mahmoudi

It has been almost 3 decades since human development approach has established itself as an alternative to orthodox approach of development. This has shifted our interpretation of development and well-being from a traditional focus on income and comsumption toward enhanc More

It has been almost 3 decades since human development approach has established itself as an alternative to orthodox approach of development. This has shifted our interpretation of development and well-being from a traditional focus on income and comsumption toward enhancing human freedoms and capabilities. Since in development as an interdisciplinary filed of knowledge, informed understanding of different approaches is necessary, such an understanding is conceptual framework of this article. In this framework, two particular approaches of Basic Needs and Human Development approvhes are compared. First of all, through a comprehensive literature review, the background and the processes of institutionalization of these two approaches are investigated. Then, by using comparative method, differences and similarities between them are indicated. Finally, Based on the similarities it is asserted that basic needs approach is the conceptual predecessor of human development approach. However the gap between theory and practice in basic needs approach has resulted in the substitution of human development approach for that. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Identifying organizational strategies for entrepreneurial human capital development based on a Meta-analysis approach
Beitollah Akbari Moghadam mahdie soheili far Mohammad dostdar

Capital in any organization can have positive effects on activities and it is human capital that causes the goals to move properly toward organizational development. The purpose of this paper is identifying the organizational strategies for entrepreneurial human capital More

Capital in any organization can have positive effects on activities and it is human capital that causes the goals to move properly toward organizational development. The purpose of this paper is identifying the organizational strategies for entrepreneurial human capital development by the Meta-analysis method of Sandelowski & Barroso model. For this purpose, after searching in reputable databases based on the set criteria, finally 25 articles selected and by analyzing their content, the relevant concepts and codes extracted. Based on the research findings, organizational strategies for entrepreneurial human capital development include seven concepts of implementing entrepreneurial culture in the organization, defining employees training programs in the organization, implementing job shadow courses for employees, managing talent management programs in the organization, defining employee skills development programs, organizational mentoring programs, and coaching programs in the organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Liberal rationality and the Formation of environmental crises (with emphasis on the Rio+20 document)
osman hedayat asrin faizi

From the early decades of the twentieth century, the pressures of industrial and agricultural development visibly threatened the environment and environmental issues were rethought simultaneously with development issues. The history of development issues as a specific s More

From the early decades of the twentieth century, the pressures of industrial and agricultural development visibly threatened the environment and environmental issues were rethought simultaneously with development issues. The history of development issues as a specific subject dates back to the after of World War II, and development theories in this period have emerged in the form of economic development and modernization. This issue is derived from Western modernity and its dominant ideology i.e. liberalism, tends to move toward the unification of humanity based on liberal values and the elimination of diversity in the world by claiming the universality of their values. The basic hypothesis of this study revolves around this idea that with the advent of Western modernity and capitalism and their dominant ideology i.e. liberalism, changes have taken place both in this school and in the developmental discourses that were born and emerged of liberal rationality over development of the environment. Presumably, we have shown that this has been achieved through the self-examination and rethinking of liberalism itself. Using the analysis of Laclau and Mouffe discourse and development theories in the field of environment, ie theories - production treadmill, metabolic theory and degradation treadmill theory - to a reading of sustainable development and its manifestation, the Rio+20 document as a buoyancy sign that in that discourse of liberalism, there is a crisis and a break, we have dealt. The results show that liberalism as a rationality that has sought to formulate environmental, economic and social crises in the dimension of sustainable development, has failed and this has caused the environmental crisis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Informal employment and its relationship with work life development indicators
Majid Mohammad shafiee Maryam Zamani Samani

One of the key pillars in the development of any country is the employment issue and its related challenges that developing strategies in this field and its diagnosis is not hidden from anyone. The aim of this study was to explain informal employment in Iran according t More

One of the key pillars in the development of any country is the employment issue and its related challenges that developing strategies in this field and its diagnosis is not hidden from anyone. The aim of this study was to explain informal employment in Iran according to its increasing statistics and to examine its relationship with the most important indicators of work life development including job satisfaction/dissatisfaction, job attitude, and quality of work life. The statistical population of the study consists of formal and informal workers in small and medium workshops in selected cities of Iran. Due to the large size of the statistical population and the difficulty of access to all workers, 980 of them were sampled. Finally, 887 acceptable questionnaires were collected, of which 489 were related to informal workers and 398 were related to formal workers. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that the indicators of job satisfaction, job attitude, and quality of work life are significantly lower for employees who have informal employment. Moreover, informal employment statistics in the surveyed cities, on average, is about 55%, which due to its increase compared to previous years and its negative consequences, especially in business development, recommendations were provided to solve this problem. Manuscript profile

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11 - Policy research interaction; The missing link in the process of Iran's development planning system
mohammadali ahmadi shapourabadi leila motaghi

Despite the importance and position of scientific thinking and the prominent role of research in development policies, the reflection of the current situation and the pathology of the non-realization of documents and development plans of the country, due to some kind of More

Despite the importance and position of scientific thinking and the prominent role of research in development policies, the reflection of the current situation and the pathology of the non-realization of documents and development plans of the country, due to some kind of dysfunction or malfunction or non-application of findings and recommendations Policy in the process of development decision-making and development decision-making and lack of interaction and interaction of policy research at upstream (transcendental) levels indicate that often the policies are not effective in the development process. However, the present paper, which is based on the documentary method and based on the secondary analysis of qualitative data obtained from the meta-analytical study on the pathologies of development programs in Iran (2014) in order to identify injuries associated with lack of interaction. Policy research in Iran's development programs on the one hand and identifying shortcomings related to the multiplicity and parallelism of institutions and agencies with policy research centers and incoherence of documents and development programs on the other hand Is. The most important findings show that out of 99 injuries and problems studied in the meta-analytical study on the pathology of Iran's development programs (2014), 38 injuries and problems related to the study and research aspects and the type of research policy identification Took. In other words, 38.4% of the damages of development plans and non-realization of documents and development plans of the country are directed to the shortcomings of studies in the levels of preparation of development plans; Prior to planning, there is a content level, a process level, and an implementation level. In this regard, the most shortcomings and damages of studies and research policy related to the content level of planning with 69.2% and the lowest with 24% related to the level of planning prerequisites have been identified. In order to build capacity and groundwork and prevent duplication, upstream (multifaceted) engineering interaction policy and research monitoring in the country's development policies as the first step in reviewing the development planning system in Iran is essential by emphasizing the Seventh Development Plan. Manuscript profile

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12 - Investigating the effective factors on innovation and knowledge production in selected European countries to reform the policy making structure in Iran
َAsrin Rahmani Seyed Mohamad Bagher Najafi Mohamad Sharif Karimi

In the model of Knowledge-Based production, knowledge and innovation are the most important factors of production; therefore, knowledge and innovation are the main keys to economic growth and development. The process of production of knowledge and innovation require gro More

In the model of Knowledge-Based production, knowledge and innovation are the most important factors of production; therefore, knowledge and innovation are the main keys to economic growth and development. The process of production of knowledge and innovation require groundwork making; This paper examines the effect of three factors, research and development expenditures, and education expenditures also the infrastructure of information and communication technology, on the production of knowledge and innovation. The purpose is to identify the path to realization of the knowledge-based economy in order to policy making for its realization in the Iranian economy. The extent of patents is considered as an indicator for producing knowledge and innovation. The countries under this study are 23 OECD member selected countries. For modeling, panel data method in Eviews software is used. Finding a positive and meaningful relationship between the three variables of research and development expenditure, training and technology infrastructure with the amount of patents, is the result of this research. The results of the calculations show that these three factors are very important in the process of producing knowledge and innovation, such that the lack of attention to them will actually lead the production of knowledge and innovation to the serious obstacles. Also, the comparison between the descriptive charts of the data for these three variables for Iran and the selected countries suggests that it would not be desirable in Iran. Manuscript profile

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13 - Assessing the degree of development of the cities of Gilan province in the agricultural sector
Soheila Dalvandi Maral Riahi Yousef Ghanbari

In societies like ours, before oil revenues came to power, the national economy was based on agriculture and was the only source of treasury and government spending. In the present era, despite the reduction of the role of this sector in the economy, the study of the fu More

In societies like ours, before oil revenues came to power, the national economy was based on agriculture and was the only source of treasury and government spending. In the present era, despite the reduction of the role of this sector in the economy, the study of the function of economic sectors in the framework of national macroeconomics still confirms the significant role of the agricultural sector in the country. Agriculture is the main pillar of livelihood and economy of the people of Gilan. But the issue that has received less attention is regional justice and balance in having agricultural facilities and services among the cities of Gilan province. In fact, the evidence suggests that some cities are at a higher level in terms of development, and in this regard, there is an imbalance between cities. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Gilan Agricultural Statistics (2014) was used for data collection. Shannon and TOPSIS entropy models were also used for data analysis. The results of TOPSIS model in the group of indicators "Agricultural Tools and Technologies" showed that Rasht counties , Someh Sara, Lahijan and Tavalesh are in the first level of development: Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Rudsar, Bandar Anzali, Shaft and Fuman counties in the second level and Langarud, Amlash, Siahkal, Rudbar, Rezvanshahr and Masal and Astara counties in the third level Are located. Manuscript profile

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14 - Designing a food security management model in Iran
Reza Eskandari Mehraban Hadi Peykani akbar etebarian

In the discussion of human-centered development, food security plays a decisive role and the nutritional health of community-based individuals is the main focus of human-centered movement, and in contrast to malnutrition, it is a deterrent to the national development pr More

In the discussion of human-centered development, food security plays a decisive role and the nutritional health of community-based individuals is the main focus of human-centered movement, and in contrast to malnutrition, it is a deterrent to the national development process. The purpose of this study is to present a model of food security management in Iran with emphasis on the experiences of successful countries in this field. This research was exploratory in terms of purpose, in terms of method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, qualitative method and categorical content analysis (Inductive) was used and written and electronic sources in the field of food security were used purposefully to collect information. Findings of content analysis based on the opinion of the Center of Experts (consisting of five professors of public administration) in a system Induction presented the initial model of food security management (consisting of 211 concepts, 61 categories and 12 dimensions) and then through Delphi technique and questionnaire, the obtained model was exposed to the judgment of Delphi members. At this stage of the research, 12 scientific and practical experts (faculty members and officials of the Ministry of Health) were selected as a statistical sample using purposive sampling method for Delphi Center. In the next stage, the model derived from Delphi center was tested in a larger community. The statistical population at this stage included 2600 food industry experts based in Isfahan food industry towns. Using Morgan table, 335 samples were calculated and 310 questionnaires were collected by available sampling method. The model was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis as well as reliability and validity calculations. Finally, the food security management model in Iran with emphasis on The experiences of successful countries in this field have been obtained with170concepts,58 categories and12dimensions. Manuscript profile

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15 - Assessment and analysis of the degree of development of the agricultural sector in the cities of Qazvin province
Saeedeh Salimian Yousef ghanbari

Today, agriculture is an integral part of the national economy and one of the axes of development, and the importance of this is not hidden from anyone. Lack of agricultural development and inequality in agricultural development is the most important cause of inequality More

Today, agriculture is an integral part of the national economy and one of the axes of development, and the importance of this is not hidden from anyone. Lack of agricultural development and inequality in agricultural development is the most important cause of inequality in rural development. Recognizing the status of enjoyment or deprivation of cities leads to the reform of policies and priorities, which ultimately leads to a move towards social justice. The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of development of Qazvin cities in the field of 27 studied indicators. Using statistical information and entropy model and TOPSIS technique and finally showing the spatial-spatial distribution with GIS software, the amount of agricultural development of the cities of this province was obtained. The results indicate that Qazvin city is highly developed; Takestan city is in the developed level; Buin Zahra, Abik and Avaj cities are in the middle level and Alborz city is in the deprived level of agricultural development. Qazvin city due to being the center of the province, having a large area and the existence of transit roads to the capital and other provincial centers has been able to have a high level of agricultural development and other cities with a decrease in many indicators and various reasons for their development In the agricultural sector has decreased. Alborz city due to its low size, existence of industrial centers and cities, more attention to the industrial sector and lack of attention to the agricultural sector is deprived of development in this sector and is at the lowest level of development. Manuscript profile

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16 - Evaluation of the causal model of effective criteria on modern rural management with fuzzy demitel approach
Ahmad hajarian

The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for development in most cases are not only not useful but also make the current situation of the villages more chaotic, this is due to lack of proper .The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for devel More

The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for development in most cases are not only not useful but also make the current situation of the villages more chaotic, this is due to lack of proper .The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for development in most cases are not only not useful but also make the current situation of the villages more chaotic, this is due to lack of proper management in the process of programs, with new management, villagers can Participate in the implementation of programs. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the causal pattern of criteria affecting modern rural management. The present study is applied according to its purpose, and based on descriptive-causal method. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 30 experts and specialists related to rural management. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that among the four criteria of modern rural management, the criterion of responsibility was the most effective and the criterion of initiative was the most effective criterion of modern rural management. Also, the criterion of accountability was identified as the most important criterion of modern rural management. Manuscript profile

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17 - Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges Facing “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives” in Iran
Behrouz Roustakhiz Soamye Kazemi

Cooperatives are the old institutions reliant on social capital to solve social problems. Also, in modern times, they are considered helpers of governments in solving social issues. In Iranian law, initiatives such as the establishment of “Development and Civil of Count More

Cooperatives are the old institutions reliant on social capital to solve social problems. Also, in modern times, they are considered helpers of governments in solving social issues. In Iranian law, initiatives such as the establishment of “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives” have been proposed to utilize the capacity of these institutions. Nevertheless, in practice, these cooperatives have faced challenges that have led to their failure. Therefore, the present study, which is based on a qualitative approach, aims to achieve the proposed strategies to use these cooperatives’ existing capacities and opportunities to meet the challenges facing them. In this regard, in the present descriptive-analytical research, in addition to written and online sources and documents, the text of the conservations with 30 of this field’s experts, beneficiaries, and involved people has also been analyzed through “content analysis.” According to the results of this study, the mentioned cooperatives have the capacities and opportunities, such as “facilitative legal capacities and opportunities,” the possibility of “achieving public benefit within the framework of economic capacities and opportunities,” and the potential of “flourishing local and indigenous capacities of cities.” On the other hand, they face challenges such as “cumbersome legal procedures and their non-implementation,” “undesirable interaction and improper support of government structures for cooperatives,” “difficulty in financing activities,” and “Institutionalizing distrust of cooperatives.” Finally, based on the research findings, the following strategies have been proposed for the success of “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives”: “clarification of laws,” “using resilient management,” “networking,” and “social entrepreneurship based on the comprehending and use of local capacities,” “structural trust,” and “effective advertising and education” strategies. Manuscript profile

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18 - Analysis of factors affecting organizational entrepreneurial behavior in the direction of social development
ali soosarae majid nasiri Roohalla samiee Mohammad Bagher Gorji

The aim of the current research was to analyze the factors affecting organizational entrepreneurial behavior in the direction of social development in Golestan province. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method, which was c More

The aim of the current research was to analyze the factors affecting organizational entrepreneurial behavior in the direction of social development in Golestan province. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method, which was conducted with a mixed exploratory approach. The statistical population in the qualitative stage was 11 academic and organizational experts who were selected in a targeted way using the snowball technique, and in the quantitative stage, there were 1401 employees of the judiciary in Golestan province, and the sample size was determined to be 302 based on the Karjesi and Morgan table. A simple random method was used for sampling. The Delphi method was used to identify the factors and the structural equation method with SmartPLS3 software was used to check the relationships between the variables. Delphi results showed that the dimensions of organizational entrepreneurial behavior include 7 dimensions (behavioral, environmental, content, contextual, communicative, structural, individual) and the results of structural equations showed the dimensions (behavioral, environmental, content, contextual, communicative, structural, individual) to 0.346, 0.408, 0.363, 0.378, 0.350, 0.424 and 0.398 have a significant effect on organizational entrepreneurial behavior. Also, organizational entrepreneurial behavior has a significant effect on social development by 0.823. Manuscript profile

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19 - Definition
اصغر Molaei

Contexts as valuable domestic elements and factors can have a high role in redefinition urban competitiveness. Studying in identical contexts, especially in the natural, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, will advance the sustainable competitive advantage, can b More

Contexts as valuable domestic elements and factors can have a high role in redefinition urban competitiveness. Studying in identical contexts, especially in the natural, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, will advance the sustainable competitive advantage, can be create the desirable economy future. The purpose of this research is to definition the role of identical contexts in urban competition and how to create competitive advantage in the context of an analytical and documentary research with an underlying strategy. Contextual competitive advantages can be defined in the natural, geographical, historical, physical, cultural, social, economic, and scientific and sports contexts. Contexts are a set of intrinsic and inseparable elements of phenomena, the emergence of their identity. The contexts of cities and regions are a constructive dimension of spatial, temporal, cultural, social, and other existing components. These areas represent the dynamic identity of cities and regions over time and space and are characterized by their differentiation. Identifying and focusing and emphasizing the value of identity of cities and regions in terms of capability and sustainability can help to improve their compatibility. In other words, the field of growth, progress and competitiveness of the power of cities and regions. The most important strategies presented are: development of religious tourism infrastructure; branding and development of historical, cultural, social, sporting, natural and environmental tourism infrastructure. Manuscript profile

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20 - Development and its political impact on the business environment
saeed omidianpour yeganeh akhtari

Political development and economic freedom can be mentioned among the factors affecting economic growth. The business environment is one of the indicators that determine the economic status of countries, based on which international organizations, investors and manufact More

Political development and economic freedom can be mentioned among the factors affecting economic growth. The business environment is one of the indicators that determine the economic status of countries, based on which international organizations, investors and manufacturers analyze the economic status of countries. The improvement of the business environment in the countries has led to the improvement of the conditions for the effective and useful activity of all economic actors so that all sectors can use their potential situation. This will increase domestic and foreign investment, job opportunities and productivity of production factors and improve many other economic and social components. The business environment is affected by important factors, one of which is undoubtedly the political economy.Therefore, the present study deals with the comparative study of the impact of political development on the business environment. Also, at a historical moment, the documents show that governments have been doing unconventional activities such as suppressing protesters and lack of freedom of action in elections and justice in political systems. With the passage of time, the political process in a country like the United States began to evolve and began a process towards organization, which led to the creation of political consortia. Based on the results of the study, it can be stated that the countries that have been more successful in improving political economy indicators have a better business environment. Manuscript profile

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21 - Factors Influencing Development in South Korea
zahra Sadeghi Mohammadbagher Beheshti

The end of Second World War has marked the beginning of an era of renovation and development for many countries in the world and European and Asian countries have utilized several development strategies based on their situation. South Korea is one of those countries. Ha More

The end of Second World War has marked the beginning of an era of renovation and development for many countries in the world and European and Asian countries have utilized several development strategies based on their situation. South Korea is one of those countries. Having an ancient history, South Korea is one of the most integrated and stable countries in the world. Its development which starts right after the end of the second world war and Japanese colonization is an outstanding example of fast and extraordinary development in a short time span. Despite having the bitter experience of being colonized, what happened as a consequence of the second world war, the division of the peninsula into two parts (North and South) and the civil war following that, and the severe poverty and dependence on international aid, it is one of the Asian Tigers, together with Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Having an authoritarian but developmentalist government, a strong sense of nationalism against foreigners, Confucian culture, a focus on export expansion strategies, and the development of an education system based on economic needs and changes are among the influential factors discussed in this paper. Finally, the development model of South Korea is presented. Manuscript profile

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22 - Providing the ideal model of public policy in the field of welfare with the agency of elites to achieve sustainable development
Peyman Ayyari Nader Bohlooli Gholamreza Rahimi

Achieving public welfare is possible only through public policy with the role of elites. The present study was also carried out with the aim of presenting the ideal model of public policy in the field of welfare with the agency of elites to achieve sustainable developme More

Achieving public welfare is possible only through public policy with the role of elites. The present study was also carried out with the aim of presenting the ideal model of public policy in the field of welfare with the agency of elites to achieve sustainable development. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, and in terms of its nature and form of implementation, it was done in a descriptive-survey manner. The statistical population of this research includes public policy elites. Sampling was done using the theoretical sampling method and finally theoretical saturation was achieved with 11 people. The researcher-made questionnaire was also distributed among 384 public policy managers in the field of welfare, which was determined by Cochran's formula, by random sampling. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In order to analyze the expert interviews, the grounded theory method and MaxQDA software were used, and partial least squares method and Smart PLS software were used to validate the model. Based on the research paradigm model, causal conditions include economic, cultural, technical and technological factors. that affect public policy. Public policy as a central phenomenon is effective in evaluating the implementation of welfare policies. In the meantime, elites provide background conditions, on the other hand, conflict of interests in the implementation of welfare policies are also interfering conditions. Finally, sustainable development can be achieved by evaluating the implementation of welfare policies. Manuscript profile

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23 - Measuring the degree of development of the cities of Gilan province in the agricultural sector
Yousef ghanbari سهیلا دالوندی مارال ریاحی

20.1001.1.17352460.1401.18.71.2.5

In societies like our country, before oil revenues came into use, the national economy was based on agriculture and was considered the only source of treasury and government expenses. In today's era, despite the reduction of the role of this sector in the economy, the s More

In societies like our country, before oil revenues came into use, the national economy was based on agriculture and was considered the only source of treasury and government expenses. In today's era, despite the reduction of the role of this sector in the economy, the study of the functioning of the economic sectors in the framework of the national macro-economy confirms the significant role of the agricultural sector in the country. Agriculture is the main pillar of Gilan people's livelihood and economy. But the issue that has received less attention in the meantime is regional justice and balance in enjoying agricultural facilities and services among the cities of Gilan In fact, the evidence indicates that some cities are at higher levels in terms of development, and in this sense, there is an imbalance between the cities. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The Agricultural Statistics of Gilan Province (2013) was used to collect information. Shannon and TOPSIS entropy models were also used for data analysis. The results of the TOPSIS model in the group of "agricultural tools and technologies" indicators showed that the cities of Rasht, Soumehsara, Lahijan and Talesh are in the first level of development. The cities of AstanehAshrafieh, Rudsar, Bandar Anzali, Shaft and Foman are on the second level and the cities of Langrod, Amlash, Siahkal, Rudbar, Razvanshahr and Masal and Astara are on the third level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Investigating the effective factors on innovation and knowledge production in selected European countries to reform the policy making structure in Iran
َAsrin Rahmani Mohamad Sharif Karimi

20.1001.1.17352460.1401.18.71.4.7

In the model of Knowledge-Based production, knowledge and innovation are the most important factors of production; therefore, knowledge and innovation are the main keys to economic growth and development. The process of production of knowledge and innovation require gro More

In the model of Knowledge-Based production, knowledge and innovation are the most important factors of production; therefore, knowledge and innovation are the main keys to economic growth and development. The process of production of knowledge and innovation require groundwork making; This paper examines the effect of three factors, research and development expenditures, and education expenditures also the infrastructure of information and communication technology, on the production of knowledge and innovation. The purpose is to identify the path to realization of the knowledge-based economy in order to policy making for its realization in the Iranian economy. The extent of patents is considered as an indicator for producing knowledge and innovation. The countries under this study are 23 OECD member selected countries. For modeling, panel data method in Eviews software is used. Finding a positive and meaningful relationship between the three variables of research and development expenditure, training and technology infrastructure with the amount of patents, is the result of this research. The results of the calculations show that these three factors are very important in the process of producing knowledge and innovation, such that the lack of attention to them will actually lead the production of knowledge and innovation to the serious obstacles. Also, the comparison between the descriptive charts of the data for these three variables for Iran and the selected countries suggests that it would not be desirable in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges Facing “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives” in Iran
Behrouz Roustakhiz Soamye Kazemi

20.1001.1.17352460.1402.18.72.2.1

Cooperatives are the old institutions reliant on social capital to solve social problems. Also, in modern times, they are considered helpers of governments in solving social issues. In Iranian law, initiatives such as the establishment of “Development and Civil of Count More

Cooperatives are the old institutions reliant on social capital to solve social problems. Also, in modern times, they are considered helpers of governments in solving social issues. In Iranian law, initiatives such as the establishment of “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives” have been proposed to utilize the capacity of these institutions. Nevertheless, in practice, these cooperatives have faced challenges that have led to their failure. Therefore, the present study, which is based on a qualitative approach, aims to achieve the proposed strategies to use these cooperatives’ existing capacities and opportunities to meet the challenges facing them. In this regard, in the present descriptive-analytical research, in addition to written and online sources and documents, the text of the conservations with 30 of this field’s experts, beneficiaries, and involved people has also been analyzed through “content analysis.” According to the results of this study, the mentioned cooperatives have the capacities and opportunities, such as “facilitative legal capacities and opportunities,” the possibility of “achieving public benefit within the framework of economic capacities and opportunities,” and the potential of “flourishing local and indigenous capacities of cities.” On the other hand, they face challenges such as “cumbersome legal procedures and their non-implementation,” “undesirable interaction and improper support of government structures for cooperatives,” “difficulty in financing activities,” and “Institutionalizing distrust of cooperatives.” Finally, based on the research findings, the following strategies have been proposed for the success of “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives”: “clarification of laws,” “using resilient management,” “networking,” and “social entrepreneurship based on the comprehending and use of local capacities,” “structural trust,” and “effective advertising and education” strategies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Designing Model of Food Security Management in Iran
Reza Eskandari Mehraban Hadi Peykani akbar etebarian

20.1001.1.17352460.1402.18.72.6.5

Reza eskandari Mehraban Hadipeykani Akbar Etebarian Khorasgani Abstract The purpose of the present study was to design a model of food security management in Iran, emphasizing the experiences of successful countries in this field.This research was explorat More

Reza eskandari Mehraban Hadipeykani Akbar Etebarian Khorasgani Abstract The purpose of the present study was to design a model of food security management in Iran, emphasizing the experiences of successful countries in this field.This research was exploratory in terms of purpose, in terms of method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, qualitative method and categorical content analysis (Inductive) was used and written and electronic sources in the field of food security were used purposefully to collect information. Findings of content analysis based on the opinion of the Center of Experts (consisting of five professors of public administration) in a system Induction presented the initial model of food security management (consisting of 211 concepts, 61 categories and 12 dimensions) and then through Delphi technique and questionnaire, the obtained model was exposed to the judgment of Delphi members. At this stage of the research, 12 scientific and practical experts (faculty members and officials of the Ministry of Health) were selected as a statistical sample using purposive sampling method for Delphi Center. In the next stage, the model derived from Delphi center was tested in a larger community. The statistical population at this stage included 2600 food industry experts based in Isfahan food industry towns. Using Morgan table, 335 samples were calculated and 310 questionnaires were collected by available sampling method. The model was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis as well as reliability and validity calculations. Finally, the food security management model in Iran with emphasis on The experiences of successful countries in this field have been obtained with 170 concepts, 58 categories and 12 dimensions. Manuscript profile

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27 - Analysis of factors affecting organizational entrepreneurial behavior in the direction of social development
ali soosarae majid nasiri Roohalla samiee محمدباقر گرجی

20.1001.1.17352460.1402.18.72.8.7

Ali Soosarae Majid Nasiri Roohalla Samiee Mohammadbagher Gorji Abstract The aim of the current research was to analyze the factors affecting organizational entrepreneurial behavior in the direction of social development in Golestan province. This researc More

Ali Soosarae Majid Nasiri Roohalla Samiee Mohammadbagher Gorji Abstract The aim of the current research was to analyze the factors affecting organizational entrepreneurial behavior in the direction of social development in Golestan province. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method, which was conducted with a mixed exploratory approach. The statistical population in the qualitative stage was 11 academic and organizational experts who were selected in a targeted way using the snowball technique, and in the quantitative stage, there were 1401 employees of the judiciary in Golestan province, and the sample size was determined to be 302 based on the Karjesi and Morgan table. A simple random method was used for sampling. The Delphi method was used to identify the factors and the structural equation method with SmartPLS3 software was used to check the relationships between the variables. Delphi results showed that the dimensions of organizational entrepreneurial behavior include 7 dimensions (behavioral, environmental, content, contextual, communicative, structural, individual) and the results of structural equations showed the dimensions (behavioral, environmental, content, contextual, communicative, structural, individual) to 0.346, 0.408, 0.363, 0.378, 0.350, 0.424 and 0.398 have a significant effect on organizational entrepreneurial behavior. Also, organizational entrepreneurial behavior has a significant effect on social development by 0.823. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Compilation of the green human resources management development system in Iran's social security organization
korosh Shafei saeid bagher salimi Hossein Ganji Nia

Context: The green management approach is based on attention to sustainable development and, as a result, sustainability with social approaches and economic incentives, the health and safety of the employee community, as well as the publication of the desired public ima More

Context: The green management approach is based on attention to sustainable development and, as a result, sustainability with social approaches and economic incentives, the health and safety of the employee community, as well as the publication of the desired public image of the organization in a long-term time horizon. Purpose: This thesis is to develop the green human resource management development system in the country's social security organization, with an analytical approach and categorize the components and identify the factors, which in terms of purpose, is a type of applied and survey research. Methodology: The present research, after analyzing the records, using the qualitative method and in-depth interviews on 10 managers of the country's social security organization, using the purposeful sampling method and theoretical sampling, reached theoretical saturation, and then the information obtained It has been made using the method of analysis of the examined theme and the paradigm model. Findings: The findings of the research showed that the identification of development factors in the management of green resources among the country's social security workers. Conclusion: The studies conducted based on the development system of green human resources management show the existence of development factors in the system, and these factors show the efficiency of the correct development of the green management development system in the country's organizational system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Evaluation of the degree of development of Golestan province during the fourth to sixth development plans
حسن دلیری

abstract: Development programs in Iran are designed to increase development. But it is necessary to conduct studies to monitor and evaluate the degree of realization of the program's goals. In this study, by using the factor analysis method, the level of development of More

abstract: Development programs in Iran are designed to increase development. But it is necessary to conduct studies to monitor and evaluate the degree of realization of the program's goals. In this study, by using the factor analysis method, the level of development of Golestan province during the fourth to sixth development plans has been evaluated and measured. In order to investigate this issue, three categories of indicators were used: a. Macroeconomic development b. Social and cultural development c. Infrastructural development and prosperity. For each of these indicators, the relative and absolute development of the province was calculated. The results show that from the fourth plan to the sixth plan, the absolute development of Golestan province is 1.58 percent weaker and the relative development of Golestan province is 3.4 percent less compared to the whole country. In other words, firstly, Golestan province has decreased by 1.58% in terms of the development index compared to its conditions at the beginning of the program, secondly, this development decrease was 3.4% more than the average of the whole country. . Therefore, during the 7th development plan, the planners of the Golestan province need to .design methods to compensate for this backwardness in the previous plans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Investigating the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah
Fatemeh Jalaeipour Meysam Mousaei nayereh pirahari mansour vosooghi Mansour Sharifi

The main purpose of the article is to examine the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah. Tourism is a temporal and short trip in which a tourist goes toward the regions outside of their place of residence and work for touring and explorin More

The main purpose of the article is to examine the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah. Tourism is a temporal and short trip in which a tourist goes toward the regions outside of their place of residence and work for touring and exploring. Tourism has been deemed as the temporal moving of people to a place that is outside of their usual place of residence and work. In a way that travelers do actions and special facilities during their stay in destination and the special facilities will be provided to meet their needs. Tourism has been existed by its special forms in humane societies based on the motivation, root of travelling and moving traditionally and has been placed in the route of evolution. An important change in tourism can be recognized along with the industrial revolution that paved the way for a considerable change in life, especially in transportation. Todays, tourism activities are deemed as the fourth part of human activities after agriculture, industry and services, and experts predict that, it will turn out to be the most lucrative industry in the world by 2020. The results of this research showed that in the development of the tourism industry, one should pay attention to its strong points in Kermanshah, including the existence of historical monuments and rich cultural heritage, along with the existence of civil infrastructures, and use the potential capacity of this industry's development. By designing such a model, it is expected that the development of tourism will significantly increase the level of income, employment and productivity Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Factors affecting the development of export of creative cultural goods (case study: Kermanshah province)
آئیژ عزمی Ali Khazaei

Diversifying the export of non-oil goods has been one of the goals of the country's economists and planners; However, among non-oil goods, little attention has been paid to the capabilities of exporting creative cultural goods, which this article aims to investigate the More

Diversifying the export of non-oil goods has been one of the goals of the country's economists and planners; However, among non-oil goods, little attention has been paid to the capabilities of exporting creative cultural goods, which this article aims to investigate the factors affecting the export of non-oil goods. The research method was applied, descriptive, analytical and using a questionnaire tool. The sampling method was simple. The statistical population consisted of 343 artists in the fields of painting, drama, calligraphy, graphics, books, and written press. The research sample using Cochran's formula was equal to 182 people. The reliability of the research was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha with an average of 0.79. The validity of the research was also confirmed using the opinion of sociology and art experts. The findings show that 7 components of legal factors, international issues, domestic challenges, production challenges, educational factors, economic challenges and characteristics of creative industries are effective on the export of cultural creative industries. The results of the regression show that the factors Laws are the most important obstacle to the export of creative cultural products. Second, international issues and domestic production challenges have been introduced as the most important legal obstacles to the export of creative industries. Finally, the findings of the Kruskal Wallis test show that there is no significant difference between the cultural challenges of exporting creative cultural goods. In other words, despite the substantial differences between creative and cultural industries, their export challenges are similar and to solve a large part of their problems, general and similar policies can be adopted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Investigating the key role of cultural development in the progress of backward countries Development
saeid haghparast Tohid Valipour atiq

The form and path of development in most of the current backward countries of the world is unfortunately an incomplete sampling of advanced and developed countries, and sometimes the regulations are only translated from one language to another without any change. It i More

The form and path of development in most of the current backward countries of the world is unfortunately an incomplete sampling of advanced and developed countries, and sometimes the regulations are only translated from one language to another without any change. It is certain that the traditional culture of a backward third world country cannot accept the model made for the culture of others. The current research is in response to the question: What function and role can culture play in the progress of countries that are lagging behind in the development process? The hypothesis of the current research is that the progress and sustainable development of a society depends on the acculturation of the members of that society and until the cultural patterns of the countries agree with the development components, the development of these countries will not be possible. Efforts should be made to reform the culture of backward countries in line with the development components. The current research is descriptive-analytical. As a result, fundamental changes in the path of development for any society must be in harmony with the culture and traditions of that society, and all cultural factors should be helped for its correct implementation, otherwise the path of progress and development in these countries, even though it is excellent, is doomed to failure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Identifying the influencing indicators on the development of leadership humor in Iran Tobacco Company
Rohollah Alikhan Gorgani mohamadrasol mahdavi farzin farhbood

The humor of the leadership as the creator of a dynamic and creative space helps to develop in the Iranian tobacco company, humorous leaders generally do not follow common theories and standards to solve the company's problems and replace it with new and innovative solu More

The humor of the leadership as the creator of a dynamic and creative space helps to develop in the Iranian tobacco company, humorous leaders generally do not follow common theories and standards to solve the company's problems and replace it with new and innovative solutions. These strategies help the company to make continuous improvements in its processes and to be able to keep up with the competitive conditions and the development of the market, in order to determine and select the indicators by using the research literature and exploratory interviews along with the survey of 20 experts. The fields of organizational behavior management, human resource management and senior managers of Iran Tobacco have been conducted, quantitative data has also been conducted by distributing questionnaires among 361 personnel in Iran Tobacco Company, statistical analysis of research data with the help of spss26 software, smart pls3 has been confirmed by factor analysis methods, the research findings have confirmed and shown the effectiveness of four dimensions: environmental factors, organizational factors, occupational factors and personality characteristics, which three dimensions (organizational factors, occupational factors) and personality traits) has had an impact, but the dimension of environmental factors exerts an inverse effect on the sense of humor of the leadership of Iran Tobacco, which means that the factors of leadership style and organizational culture in Iran Tobacco Company have negative effects on the sense of humor of the leaders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Title Political development and its effect on the business environment
saeed omidianpour yeganeh akhtari

20.1001.1.17352460.1402.19.73.1.5

Development, as one of the important factors in economic and social developments, has a significant impact on the business environment. Changes and political rules of governance directly and indirectly affect companies and markets. The purpose of the current research is More

Development, as one of the important factors in economic and social developments, has a significant impact on the business environment. Changes and political rules of governance directly and indirectly affect companies and markets. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the political development and its effect on the business environment, which is an analytical descriptive method. What emerged from the results of this research is that changes in financial, commercial policies and government regulations can lead to changes in interest rates, inflation rates, stock market fluctuations and business volumes. Also, political development can have a direct impact on working conditions and employment in companies. Therefore, companies should be prepared to anticipate political changes and their impact on their business and update their policies according to these changes. Close and correct cooperation between the government and the private sector can lead to sustainable development and economic growth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Redefinition the Contextual Urban Competitiveness Potentials in Cities and Regions Development
Asghar Molaei

20.1001.1.17352460.1402.19.73.4.8

Asghar molaei Abstract Contexts as valuable domestic elements and factors can have a high role in redefinition urban competitiveness. Studying in identical contexts, especially in the natural, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, will advance the sustainabl More

Asghar molaei Abstract Contexts as valuable domestic elements and factors can have a high role in redefinition urban competitiveness. Studying in identical contexts, especially in the natural, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, will advance the sustainable competitive advantage, can be create the desirable economy future. The purpose of this research is to definition the role of identical contexts in urban competition and how to create competitive advantage in the context of an analytical and documentary research with an underlying strategy. Contextual competitive advantages can be defined in the natural, geographical, historical, physical, cultural, social, economic, and scientific and sports contexts. Contexts are a set of intrinsic and inseparable elements of phenomena, the emergence of their identity. The contexts of cities and regions are a constructive dimension of spatial, temporal, cultural, social, and other existing components. These areas represent the dynamic identity of cities and regions over time and space and are characterized by their differentiation. Identifying and focusing and emphasizing the value of identity of cities and regions in terms of capability and sustainability can help to improve their compatibility. In other words, the field of growth, progress and competitiveness of the power of cities and regions. The most important strategies presented are: development of religious tourism infrastructure; branding and development of historical, cultural, social, sporting, natural and environmental tourism infrastructure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Measurement and analysis the degree of development of the agricultural sector in the cities of Qazvin province
Yousef ghanbari Saeedeh Salimian

20.1001.1.17352460.1402.19.73.5.9

Yusof Ghanbari , Saeedeh Salimian Abstract These days, agriculture is an inseparable part of the economy and one of the axes of development, so the importance of this is visible to everyone. The lack of agricultural development and inequality in the field of agr More

Yusof Ghanbari , Saeedeh Salimian Abstract These days, agriculture is an inseparable part of the economy and one of the axes of development, so the importance of this is visible to everyone. The lack of agricultural development and inequality in the field of agricultural development is the most critical factor of inequality in rural development. Recognizing the state of advantage or deprivation of the cities leads to modifying policies and priorities, ultimately leading to the movement toward social justice. This research aims to investigate the degree of development of the counties of Qazvin province in the field of 27 studied indicators. The degree of agricultural development of this province's cities was obtained using statistical information, the Entropy model, and the TOPSIS technique, and finally, showing the spatial distribution with GIS software. The results indicate that Qazvin county is highly developed, Takestan county is at the developed level, Buin-Zahra, Abyek, and Avaj counties are at the medium level, and Alborz county is at the deprived level of agricultural development. Qazvin county has a high level of agricultural development due to being the center of the province, having a large area, and a transit road to the capital and other centers of the provinces. Moreover, other counties have also decreased their level of development in the agricultural sector due to the decrease of many indicators and the presence of various reasons. Due to its small size, the presence of industrial centers and counties, more attention to the industry sector, and lack of attention to the agricultural sector, Alborz county needs more development in this sector and is at the lowest level of development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Factors Influencing Development in South Korea
zahra Sadeghi Mohammadbagher Beheshti

20.1001.1.17352460.1402.19.73.6.0

Zahra Sadeghi Mohammadbagher Beheshti Abstract The end of Second World War has marked the beginning of an era of renovation and development for many countries in the world and European and Asian countries have utilized several development strategies based on th More

Zahra Sadeghi Mohammadbagher Beheshti Abstract The end of Second World War has marked the beginning of an era of renovation and development for many countries in the world and European and Asian countries have utilized several development strategies based on their situation. South Korea is one of those countries. Having an ancient history, South Korea is one of the most integrated and stable countries in the world. Its development which starts right after the end of the second world war and Japanese colonization is an outstanding example of fast and extraordinary development in a short time span. Despite having the bitter experience of being colonized, what happened as a consequence of the second world war, the division of the peninsula into two parts (North and South) and the civil war following that, and the severe poverty and dependence on international aid, it is one of the Asian Tigers, together with Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Having an authoritarian but developmentalist government, a strong sense of nationalism against foreigners, Confucian culture, a focus on export expansion strategies, and the development of an education system based on economic needs and changes are among the influential factors that are discussed in line with the main question of the paper. Finally, the development model of South Korea is presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Providing the ideal model of public policy in the field of welfare with the agency of elites to achieve sustainable development
پیمان عیاری نادر بهلولی غلامرضا رحیمی

20.1001.1.17352460.1402.19.73.7.1

Ayyari Peyman Bohlooli Nader Rahimi Gholamreza Abstract Achieving public welfare is possible only through public policy with the role of elites. The present study was also carried out with the aim of presenting the ideal model of public policy in the field of More

Ayyari Peyman Bohlooli Nader Rahimi Gholamreza Abstract Achieving public welfare is possible only through public policy with the role of elites. The present study was also carried out with the aim of presenting the ideal model of public policy in the field of welfare with the agency of elites to achieve sustainable development. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, and in terms of its nature and form of implementation, it was done in a descriptive-survey manner. The statistical population of this research includes public policy elites. Sampling was done using the theoretical sampling method and finally theoretical saturation was achieved with 11 people. The researcher-made questionnaire was also distributed among 384 public policy managers in the field of welfare, which was determined by Cochran's formula, by random sampling. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In order to analyze the expert interviews, the grounded theory method and MaxQDA software were used, and partial least squares method and Smart PLS software were used to validate the model. Based on the research paradigm model, causal conditions include economic, cultural, technical and technological factors. that affect public policy. Public policy as a central phenomenon is effective in evaluating the implementation of welfare policies. In the meantime, elites provide background conditions, on the other hand, conflict of interests in the implementation of welfare policies are also interfering conditions. Finally, sustainable development can be achieved by evaluating the implementation of welfare policies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Investigating the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah
Fatemeh Jalaeipour میثم موسائی nayereh pirahari mansour vosooghi Mansour Sharifi

20.1001.1.17352460.1402.19.73.9.3

Fatemeh Jalaeipour Meysam Mousaei Nayer Pirahari Mansour Vosooghi Mansour Sharifi Abstract The main purpose of the article is to examine the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah. Tourism is a temporal and short trip in w More

Fatemeh Jalaeipour Meysam Mousaei Nayer Pirahari Mansour Vosooghi Mansour Sharifi Abstract The main purpose of the article is to examine the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah. Tourism is a temporal and short trip in which a tourist goes toward the regions outside of their place of residence and work for touring and exploring. Tourism has been deemed as the temporal moving of people to a place that is outside of their usual place of residence and work. In a way that travelers do actions and special facilities during their stay in destination and the special facilities will be provided to meet their needs. Tourism has been existed by its special forms in humane societies based on the motivation, root of travelling and moving traditionally and has been placed in the route of evolution. An important change in tourism can be recognized along with the industrial revolution that paved the way for a considerable change in life, especially in transportation. Todays, tourism activities are deemed as the fourth part of human activities after agriculture, industry and services, and experts predict that, it will turn out to be the most lucrative industry in the world by 2020.The results of this research showed that in the development of the tourism industry, one should pay attention to its strong points in Kermanshah, including the existence of historical monuments and rich cultural heritage, along with the existence of civil infrastructures, and use the potential capacity of this industry's development. By designing such a model, it is expected that the development of tourism will significantly increase the level of income, employment and productivity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Evaluation of the causal model of effective criteria on modern rural management with fuzzy demitel approach
ahmad hajarian

The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for development in most cases are not only not useful but also make the current situation of the villages more chaotic, this is due to lack of proper management in the process of programs, with new management, vil More

The results of the programs implemented in rural areas for development in most cases are not only not useful but also make the current situation of the villages more chaotic, this is due to lack of proper management in the process of programs, with new management, villagers can Participate in the implementation of programs. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the causal pattern of criteria affecting modern rural management. The present study is applied according to its purpose, and based on descriptive-causal method. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 30 experts and specialists related to rural management. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that among the four criteria of modern rural management, the criterion of responsibility was the most effective and the criterion of initiative was the most effective criterion of modern rural management. Also, the criterion of accountability was identified as the most important criterion of modern rural management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Evaluation of the degree of development of Golestan province during the fourth to sixth development plans
دليري daler

Development programs in Iran are designed to increase development. But it is necessary to conduct studies to monitor and evaluate the degree of realization of the program's goals. In this study, by using the factor analysis method, the level of development of Golestan p More

Development programs in Iran are designed to increase development. But it is necessary to conduct studies to monitor and evaluate the degree of realization of the program's goals. In this study, by using the factor analysis method, the level of development of Golestan province during the fourth to sixth development plans has been evaluated and measured. In order to investigate this issue, three categories of indicators were used: a. Macroeconomic development b. Social and cultural development c. Infrastructural development and prosperity. For each of these indicators, the relative and absolute development of the province was calculated. The results show that from the fourth plan to the sixth plan, the absolute development of Golestan province is 1.58 percent weaker and the relative development of Golestan province is 3.4 percent less compared to the whole country. In other words, firstly, Golestan province has decreased by 1.58% in terms of the development index compared to its conditions at the beginning of the program, secondly, this development decrease was 3.4% more than the average of the whole country.. Therefore, during the 7th development plan, the planners of Golestan province need to design methods to compensate for this backwardness in the previous plans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - The advantage of industrial heritage values in the conservation and development of Tourism of the Trans-Iranian railway
MORTEZA farahbakhsh hamid nadimi Alireza Razeghi

Morteza Farahbakhsh Hamid Nadimi AliReza Razegi This research focuses on the values of the Iranian national railway heritage and the importance of conserving and optimally utilizing these values. It introduces and emphasizes the key role of these values in t More

Morteza Farahbakhsh Hamid Nadimi AliReza Razegi This research focuses on the values of the Iranian national railway heritage and the importance of conserving and optimally utilizing these values. It introduces and emphasizes the key role of these values in the development, management, and conservation plans of the railway heritage, as well as the sustainability of tourism. Using descriptive, analytical, and survey methods, the research evaluates and prioritizes the values of the railway heritage based on their importance and impact on conservation and development.As a result, this research can assist managers, stakeholders, and decision-makers in the field of railway heritage conservation and development to formulate and implement their programs and plans based on the priorities of these values. This approach can contribute to the preservation and continuity of these values. Additionally, this research can help researchers and enthusiasts in the cultural heritage and tourism sector to identify the best solutions and strategies for the conservation and utilization of these values.The use of the ANP method has prioritized the recognition, prioritization, and scoring of the railway heritage based on values. The achievement of the research has been comprehensive prioritization and categorization, with a focus on the shared aspects of conservation and tourism. The first priority is given to the perspectives, the second priority to the bridges, the third priority to the central railway stations, the fourth priority to intangible aspects, and the fifth priority to the tunnels. The recommendation emphasizes the attention of managers, stakeholders, and decision-makers to base their programs and plans on this prioritization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Factors affecting the development of export of creative cultural goods (case study: Kermanshah province)
Aeizh Azmi Ali Khazaei

Aeizh Azmi Ali Khazaei Abstract Diversifying the export of non-oil goods has been one of the goals of the country's economists and planners; However, among non-oil goods, little attention has been paid to the capabilities of exporting creative cultural goods, More

Aeizh Azmi Ali Khazaei Abstract Diversifying the export of non-oil goods has been one of the goals of the country's economists and planners; However, among non-oil goods, little attention has been paid to the capabilities of exporting creative cultural goods, which this article aims to investigate the factors affecting the export of non-oil goods. The research method was applied, descriptive, analytical and using a questionnaire tool. The sampling method was simple. The statistical population consisted of 343 artists in the fields of painting, drama, calligraphy, graphics, books, and written press. The research sample using Cochran's formula was equal to 182 people. The reliability of the research was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha with an average of 0.79. The validity of the research was also confirmed using the opinion of sociology and art experts. The findings show that 7 components of legal factors, international issues, domestic challenges, production challenges, educational factors, economic challenges and characteristics of creative industries are effective on the export of cultural creative industries. The results of the regression show that the factors Laws are the most important obstacle to the export of creative cultural products. Second, international issues and domestic production challenges have been introduced as the most important legal obstacles to the export of creative industries. Finally, the findings of the Kruskal Wallis test show that there is no significant difference between the cultural challenges of exporting creative cultural goods. In other words, despite the substantial differences between creative and cultural industries, their export challenges are similar and to solve a large part of their problems, general and similar policies can be adopted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Investigating the key role of cultural development in the progress of backward countries Development
سعید حق پرست Tohid Valipour atiq

Saeed Haghparast Tohid valipouratiq Abstract The form and path of development in most of the current backward countries of the world is unfortunately an incomplete sampling of advanced and developed countries, and sometimes the regulations are only translat More

Saeed Haghparast Tohid valipouratiq Abstract The form and path of development in most of the current backward countries of the world is unfortunately an incomplete sampling of advanced and developed countries, and sometimes the regulations are only translated from one language to another without any change. It is certain that the traditional culture of a backward third world country cannot accept the model made for the culture of others. The current research is in response to the question: What function and role can culture play in the progress of countries that are lagging behind in the development process? The hypothesis of the current research is that the progress and sustainable development of a society depends on the acculturation of the members of that society and until the cultural patterns of the countries agree with the development components, the development of these countries will not be possible. Efforts should be made to reform the culture of backward countries in line with the development components. The current research is descriptive-analytical. As a result, fundamental changes in the path of development for any society must be in harmony with the culture and traditions of that society, and all cultural factors should be helped for its correct implementation, otherwise the path of progress and development in these countries, even though it is excellent, is doomed to failure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Compilation of green human resource management development system in Iran's social security organization
saeid bagher salimi saeed baghersalimi Hossein Ganji Nia

Kourosh Shafei Degesara Saeid Baghersalimi Hossein Ganjinia Abstract Background: The approach of green management comes from paying attention to sustainable development and, as a result, sustainability with social approaches and economic motivations, the he More

Kourosh Shafei Degesara Saeid Baghersalimi Hossein Ganjinia Abstract Background: The approach of green management comes from paying attention to sustainable development and, as a result, sustainability with social approaches and economic motivations, the health and safety of the employee community, as well as the publication of the desired public image of the organization in the long-term time horizon. Purpose: This research was to compile the development system of green human resource management in the country's social security organization, with an analytical approach and classification of components and recognition of factors, which in terms of methodology is the type of applied and survey research. Methodology: After analyzing the records, the present study reached theoretical saturation from the qualitative method and in-depth interviews on 10 managers of the country's social security organization using the targeted sampling method and theoretical sampling, and then the information obtained using the method The analysis of the investigated theme and the paradigm model have been made. Findings: The findings of the research showed that the identification of development factors in the management of green resources in the country's social security staff includes green training and development, green recruitment and recruitment, green maintenance and green employment. Conclusion: The investigations carried out based on the green human resources management development system show the existence of development factors in the system, which shows the effectiveness of the correct formulation of the green management development system in the country's organizational system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Identifying indicators affecting the development of leadership humor in Iran Tobacco Company
mohamadrasol mahdavi Roholah Alikhan gorgani فرزین فرحبد

Mohammad Rasool Mahdavi Ruhollah Alikhan Gorgani Farzin Farhabod Abstract The humor of the leadership as the creator of a dynamic and creative atmosphere helps to develop in the Iranian tobacco company, the humorous leaders generally do not follow common id More

Mohammad Rasool Mahdavi Ruhollah Alikhan Gorgani Farzin Farhabod Abstract The humor of the leadership as the creator of a dynamic and creative atmosphere helps to develop in the Iranian tobacco company, the humorous leaders generally do not follow common ideas and standards to solve the company's problems and replace it with new and innovative solutions. These strategies help the company to make continuous improvements in its processes and to be able to keep up with the competitive conditions and the development of the market, for this purpose, determining and selecting indicators using research literature and exploratory interviews along with a survey of 20 people from Experts in the fields of organizational behavior management, human resource management and senior managers of Iranian tobacco have been done، Quantitative data has also been done by distributing questionnaires among 361 personnel in Iran Tobacco Company, statistical analysis of research data has been done with the help of spss26, smart pls3 software with confirmation factor analysis methods, the findings of the research show It has confirmed and shown the effectiveness of four dimensions: environmental factors, organizational factors, job factors and personality traits، that three dimensions (organizational factors, job factors and personality traits) have played a role, but the dimension of environmental factors has an opposite effect on the humor of Iran's tobacco leadership, this means that the factors of leadership style and organizational culture in the tobacco company Iran has had negative effects on the humor of leaders. Manuscript profile

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